Machine for stretching textile sheets into slivers



| F. GUIMBRETIERE ETAL 2,938,241

May 31, 1960 MACHINE FOR STRETCHING TEXTILE SHEETS INTO SLIVERS Filed Dec. 20. 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 May 31., 1960 L. F. GUIMBRETIERE ETAL 2,938,241

MACHINE FOR STRETCHING TEXTILE SHEETS INTO SLIVERS Filed Dec. 20, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 31, 1960 L. F. GUIMBRETIERE EI'AL 2,938,241

MACHINE FOR STRETCHING TEXTILE SHEETS mo SLIVERS Filed Dec. 20, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Fig. 6

Fig. 5

May 31, 1960 L. F. GulMBRETlERE ETAL ,2

MACHINE FOR STRETCHING TEXTILE SHEETS INTO SLIVERS Filed Dec. 20, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 May 31, 1960 F. GUIMBRETIERE ET AL 2,938,241

MACHINE FOR STRETCHING TEXTILE SHEETS INTO SLIVERS Filed Dec. 20, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 BOP iinited States Patent MACHINE FOR STRETCHING TEXTILE SHEETS INTO SLIVERS Louis Francois Guimbretiere, Montfaucon-sur-Moine, Maine at Loire, France, Andr Pollet, 41 Blvd. de la Marne, Tourcoing, France, and Eugene Jean Sores, 188 rue Pierre de Roubaix, Roubaix, France Filed Dec. 20, 1955, Set. N0. 554,347

Claims priority, application France Dec. 22, 1954 6 Claims. (Cl. 19-130) In our prior specification Ser. No. 319,096, now Patent 2,825,937, filed on November 6, 1952, we have described a method for stretching textile slivers, which consists in grasping in succession, over a small fraction of the breadth of the front edge of a sheet of fibres and through a depth equal to a fraction of the average length of the fibres, the ends of the fibres forming the edge of the sheet, in drawing out the fibres thus grasped and reassociating the fibres or packs of fibres thus drawn out with a partial overlapping so as to collect them in the shape of a sliver the transverse density of which with reference to the transverse density of the original sheet is defined by the desired rate of stretching. We have also described in our prior specification diiferent types of machines for the execution of said method and chiefly machines in which the drawing out of the fibres was obtained through projections carried by an endless strip and cooperating with a smooth endless strip.

Our present invention has for its object a novel type of machine for the execution of the method referred to above in which the fibres are drawn out by a cylinder on the surface of which teeth or similar small projections are distributed in a manner such that if the different small projections are shifted onto a line generated by an angular movement along the periphery of the corresponding cross-section of the cylinder, said projections will form an uninterrupted line across the entire breadth of the sheet to be stretched, the small projections being distributed in an approximately uniform manner over the periphery of the cylinder for cooperation with a counter-pressure member having a yielding surface and driven with a linear speed which is substantially equal to that of the cylinder carrying the teeth or small projections, the moderately clamped free edge of the sheet being fed at a reduced speed into the vicinity of the generating line along which the small projections come into contacting relationship with the counter-pressure mem ber, the small projections carrying cylinder being rotated at a peripheral speed which may range from some to some thousand times the feeding speed of the sheet, thereby providing drawing as disclosed in our prior US. Patent No. 2,825,937.

The counter-pressure member may comprise a cylinder provided with a peripheral lining of an elastic material such as rubber or else by an endless strip of elastic material guided over cylinders. The toothed cylinder, in a preferred embodiment, comprises a cylinder of mild steel or the like inwhich is set nails of alloy steel forming the small projections while, in a second embodiment, it comprises a cylinder in which is cut a helical groove, inside of which is coiled and secured a thin strip carrying teeth distributed along its length, the height of said strip being such that only the teeth project over the surface of the cylinder.

Other advantageous features of the invention will appear in the reading of the following description of various exam'ples of a machine according to our invention,

2,9332 Patented -May 31, 1960.

reference being made to accompanying drawings,

wherein:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a stretching machine according to our invention;

Fig. 2 is a detail cross-section of a portion of a toothed cylinder illustrating its manner of operating;

Fig. 3 is a cross-section through line HIIII of Fig. 1;.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a second embodiment of our improved machine;

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view of the part of the machine of Fig. 4 used for stretching to a considerable extent;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the suction means forming part of the machine illustrated in Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view through line VIIVII of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic elevational view of the stretching portion of a third embodiment;

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a fourth embodiment;

Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a fifth embodiment;

Fig. 11 is an elevational View of a cylinder the periphery of which carries small projections;

Fig. 12 is an elevational view of a modification of the cylinder shown in Fig. 11; and

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a fraction of a metal strip forming part of the structure of the cylinder shown in Fig. 12.

The stretching bench illustrated in Fig. 1 includes a feeding section A, a stretching section B and a fibre-- into a sliver 2 of a low specific weight which is there-.

after twisted. The ribbon 1 is fed by a conveyor strip 3 which passes over the rollers or cylinders 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. A cylinder 9 urges the ribbon 1 against the conveyor strip 3 in register with the cylinder 4 and is subjected itself to pressure means constituted by a lever 10 and an adjustable spring 11. The ribbon 1 passes then underneath successive pressure cylinders 12 and 13.

The conveyor strip 3 is driven at a very low speed by the cylinder 6 and a cylinder 14, subjected through the agency of a lever 15 to the action of a compression spring 16, urges the strip 3 against said driving cylinder 6 and prevents its sliding.

At the output end of the feeding section, the ribbon 1 passes between two cylinders 17 and 18 the peripheral speed of which is some percent higher than that of the which may range from some to some thousand times the peripheral speed of cylinders 17 and 18. Said cylinder 20 is provided with teeth or small projections 21, and is illustrated with further detail in Figs. 11 to 13 to be described hereinafter with various modifications thereof.

The toothed cylinder 20 cooperates with an endless strip of thick and yielding rubber, preferably a comparatively soft rubber or the like material, said strip being guided over the cylinders 23, 24 and 25. A cylinder 2600- operating with the cylinder 25 provides for the driving of the strip at a peripheral speed which is equal to or slightly higher than the peripheral speed of the toothed cylinder 20. A cylinder 27 mounted eccentrically' round" an axis 28 bears against a bent -fr'ee se'ction'"29'"bf the 3 strip to make it engage a plate 19 as disclosed hereinabove.

In order to prevent any friction between the cylinder 27 and the section 29 of the endless strip 22, a ring 30 is mounted loosely around the angularly adjustable cylinder 27. By changing the angular setting of the cylinder 27, it is thus possible to modify the pressure urging the section 29 of the endless strip against the plate 19 and consequently the degree of clamping of the free edge of the ribbon '1 between the strip and the plate The fibre concentrating section includes a further endless strip 31 provided for instance, as illustrated in Fig. 3, with transverse elongated perforations 32. The latter may be round when it is desired to'obtain a closer concentration of the fibres. V v a p The upper portion of said further endless strip passes over two oblique rollers 33 which give it a V-shaped cross-section in vertical register with a suction box 34 so as to concentrate the fibres 35 drawn out through the small projections on the cylinder 20 off the sheet or ribbon 1 in the shape of a sliver 2. The endlessstrip 31 passes furthermore over transverse rollers or cylinders 36, 37 and 38, the cylinder 37 cooperating furthermore with the pressure cylinder 39 so as to prevent any twisting of the fibres of the finished sliver and the tension stretching has for its object to straighten the curls of the fibres and to provide a uniform thickness for the sheet.

The actual stretching section B shown in further detail in Fig. includes two cylinders 48 and 49, of which the cylinder 48 is driven while the cylinder 49 bears freely on it with the interposition of the prestretched sheet. The latter passing out of the gap between the 7 cylinders 46 and 47 engages the gap between said two thus produced by the spinning spindle from being trans mitted to the fibres in the upwards part of the machine. The sliver 2 passing out of the fibre concentrating section engages a gimlet 40 and is then twisted and wound over an arrangement of a known type.

In the above described machine, the peripheral speed of the cylinder 20 and of the strip 22 is much higher than the perihperal speed of the strip 3. The end of the fibre sheet clamped between the plate 19 and the section 29 of the strip 22, which clamping has for its action only to straighten out the end of the sheet by giving it an elongated tapering shape, is nibbled off by the small projections 21. The small protruding projections or teeth 21 engage the strip 22 along a line positioned ahead of the generating line of contact between the cylinder 20' and the strip 22; the fibres located in front of each small projection are thus clamped between the latter and the strip, urged forwardly and carried along between the strip 22 and the surface of the cylinder 20. As a consequence of the nibbling of the free edge of the sheet, the latter cannot reach the generating line along which the contact is established between the strip and the smooth section of the cylinder and consequently this provides for the execution of the intense stretching described in our above-mentioned prior patent disclosure.

The small projections cooperating with the strip 22 acts thus as individual clamps which having a very high speed draw out at each revolution a few fibres removed ofi the free edge of the sheet which is fed at a. low speed. The removed fibres are then released at the outlet of the stretching section B and concentrated at the centre of the surface of the endless strip 31, the speed of which is substantially equal to the peripheral speed of the cylinder 20.

The machine illustrated in Fig. 4 includes feeding means ensuring a preliminary stretching A a section for a higher stretching B and a section C for concentrating the fibres into sliver shape.

The preliminary stretching section A; includes a pair of feeding cylinders 41 and 42, the cylinder 42 being under pressure against the cylinder 41 so that the ribbon or ribbons 43 forming the sheet to be stretched passing off a feed spool 44 are engaged between the last mentioned cylinders. The sheet passes then, chiefly in the case of wool, over an intermediate spiked roller or comber 45 and then between a second pair of cylinders 46 and 47 engaging one another and driven at a speed higher than that of the cylinders 41 and 42 so as to give the sheet a preliminary stretching at a rate depending on the nature of the fibres forming the latter, which preliminary cylinders 48 and 49. A very fine endless belt or strip 50 passes round the cylinder 48 and is wound over a tensioning cylinder 51, while a cylinder 52 urges said strip against the input cylinder 48; the strip 50 passes beyond the latter'over a plate 53' which is pivotally se cured to a spindle 54 and is subjected through the agency of a projection 55 to the action of a spring 56 whereby the nose 57 of said plate is urged upwardly. A cylinder 58 engages the upper surface of the fibre sheet and urges the latter against the strip 50 moving over the plate 53. The end of the plate i.e. its nose 57 consequently leads the fibre sheet towards the pressure cylinder 59 of the actual stretching section. The cylinder 59 has its surface coated by a layer of yielding rubber and it cooperates with the cylinder 60 carrying small projections or teeth in a manner similar to the cylinder 20 described hereinabove with reference to Fig. 1.

The fibre concentrating section C comprises an endless rubber strip 61 similar to the above described strip 31 and is provided axially with perforations, said strip 61 passing over a number of cylinders 62, 63, 64 and over a suction box 65 acting as a guide. An auxiliary endless strip 66 carried by the cylinders 67 and 68 is urged under pressure over the upper strand of said strip 61 in the vicinity of the end of the latter forming an output for the sliver 69 so as to clamp the concentrated sliver over the rubber strip 61 beyond the suction box and thus to prevent the subsequent twisting of the fibres from being transmitted to the fibres in the upwards part of the machine. As illustrated in Fig. 6, the nose of the suction box, i.e. the section of the latter which is the nearest the cylinders 59 and 60, is shown between the points a and a with a rising part 70 and a flat part 71, which extends up to a point underneath the auxiliary strip 66. Furthermore, a deflector comprising preferably a metal sheet 72 is located above the carrier strip 61 and at a small distance from the latter above its flat part 71 up to a point near the cylinder 67. The transverse shape of this sheet is clearly apparent in Fig. 7.

The above described machine operates as follows: the ribbon or ribbons 43 fed at a low speed into the gap bebetween the cylinders 41 and 42 are subjected between the pair of cylinders 41 and 42 and the pair of cylinders 46 and 47 which have a little higher speed to a preliminary stretching which, in particular in the case of the feeding of juxtaposed ribbons, has for its object to uniformize the thickness of the sheet. The sheet carried by the strip 50 is driven along by the latter and urged by the nose 57 on the plate 53 onto the surface of the cylinder 59 under a pressure which is sufiicient for maintaining the preliminary tensioning given to the sheet by the preceding means, but insufiicient for driving the fibres along with the said cylinder 59. The free edge of the sheet is clamped by the small projections carried by the cylinder 60 rotating at a much higher speed between the latter and the yielding cover of the cylinder 59. Consequently, the fibres thus clamped are torn off the sheet and carried along towards the fibre tightening or concentrating section. These fibres engaging the part 70 and the strip 61 are carried along by the latter. When they arrive into register with the deflector 72, the stream of air rising underneath said deflector and entering the perforations in the strip 61 draws the fibres towards the centre line of the strip and said fibres are bundled together there in the shape of a sliver 69 which is then twisted through a conventional method.

The modified stretching section illustrated in Fig. 8

includes an endless strip 73 which passes over a driving cylinder 74, over a guiding cylinder 75, over a nose shaped terminal plate 76 and back over a cylinder 77 I which provides for the tensioning of the strip over the pressure and counter-pressure cylinders 78 and 79 cooperating with the driving cylinder 74. The terminal plate 76 is located in the vicinity of the cylinder 80 carrying small projections or teeth in a manner similar to the above described cylinder 20, said plate 76 extending between the latter and an endless strip 81. The latter moves over a portion of the upper strand of the strip 73 and leads consequently the ribbon or sheet of fibres into proximity with the fibre tearing out line registering with the generating line along which the small projections on the cylinder 80 engage the strip 81; the latter is urged against the cylinder 80 by a cylinder 82 provided with a yielding lining 83 in a manner similar to the above de scribed cylinder 59. The strip 81 is in its turn guided by two cylinders 84 and 85, the cylinder 84 lying above the upper strand of the strip 73 so as to smooth the ribbon and the cylinder 85 lying above the conveying strip 86 of the fibre gathering or concentrating section which is identical with that described hereinabove with reference to Fig. 6. The operative strip 81 progresses at a linear speed which is equal to the peripheral speed of the cylinder 80 and to the speed of the strip 86; the operation of the machine is similar to that described hereinabove with reference to the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 9, the ribbon or sheet of fibres is fed through a system of cylinders 87, 8S and 89 and guided into the vicinity of the tearing outline by a pressure roller 90 and a plate 91 rockably mounted on a spindle 92 and subjected to the action of a compression spring 93 which urges the free edge of the plate 91 against the cylinder 89. The lower bearing surface of the plate 91 has a curvature which is opposed to that of the ribbon guiding sector of the cylinder 89, The ribbon being thus tensioned, first on its lower surface and then on its upper surface, this cuts out the formation of a bead on the ribbon in register with its line of engagement with the actual fibre drawing out means.

The fibre drawing out means are similar to those described hereinabove, but the cylinder 94 provided with small projections is positioned over the upper section of the pressure cylinder 95 having a yielding lining. The endless strip 96 carrying along the fibres through the concentrating section passes between the cylinder 94 carrying small projections and the pressure cylinder 95.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 10, a fine endless strip engages a large feeding cylinder 97, and is tensioned by a counter-weight cylinder 99; the sheet of fibres 100 is caused to progress between the feeding cylinder 97 and the strip 98 and, for ensuring uniformity of the sheet, the feeding cylinder 97 and the counter-weight cylinder 99 are geared together.

At the output end of the feeding cylinder 97, the endless strip 98 passes underneath a plate 101, the lower surface of which has a curvature opposed to that of the feeding roller 97; said plate 101 rocks round a transverse axis 102 and carries through the agency of two flanges 103 a small roller 104 engaging the endless strip. Between the roller 104 and the counter-weight cylinder 99, said endless strip 98 passes over a barrel-shaped roller 105 which stabilizes it laterally. The endless strip passing underneath the small roller 104 carried by the plate constrains thus through its tensioning the plate 101 to urge the sheet of fibres onto the lower strand of the endless strip 98.

The drawing out means are similar to those described with reference to Fig. 9 and include as previousl the cylinder 94 with its small projections or teeth, the pressure cylinder 95 with its yielding lining and the endless conveying strip 96.

The toothed drawing out cylinder 106, illustrated separately in Fig. 11, carries small projections 107 distributed over its surface along a helical line. The size of the small projections 107, their distribution over the helix and the pitch of the helix are such that if said small projections are supposed to be shifted onto a same generating line they overlap and form an uninterrupted line across the breadth of the cylinder 106. The small projections may be formed at the surface of the cylinder in various manners, for instance, through a conventional machining of the solid body of the cylinder. It is also possible to use a cylinder of a malleable metal and to insert in the latter hard steel nails or studs the heads of which are then trued into the shape of teeth. The small projections may also comprise separate teeth urged into recesses provided on a smooth cylinder.

The modified cylinder 108 illustrated in Fig. 12 is provided with a groove 109' cut helically along the periphery of the solid cylinder body. Said groove 109 is fitted with a steel ribbon 110 shown in Fig. 13, carrying teeth 111 spaced with reference to each other in a manner such that, when the steel ribbon 110 is coiled inside the groove 109, the distribution of the teeth 111 at the surface of the cylinder 108 is similar to that of the small projections 107 on the surface of the cylinder 106; in other words, these teeth or projections overlap in the direction of the axis of the cylinder 108 and cover the totality of the breadth of said cylinder 108 if they areassumed to be shifted onto a same generating line.

The embodiments described hereinabove by way of examples are liable to receive numerous modifications without widening the scope of our invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

What we claim is: v

1. A machine for drawing a sheet of non-continuous fibers by grasping in succession the ends of the fibers selectively throughout the breadth of the front edge of said sheet and through a depth of sheet equal to a predetermined fraction of the average length of the fibers, drawing out the grasped fibers and regrouping them with a partial overlapping into the shape of a sliver, said machine comprising, a feed gear adapted to make the sheet progress at a reduced speed in a moderately clamped condition, sheet drawing means fed by said feed gear and including a rotary cylinder including a series of small projections distributed uniformly over the surface of said cylinder and overlapping each other in the direction of the axis of said cylinder and a counter-pressure member having a yielding surface moving tangentially over the cylindrical surface defined by the outer ends of the projections on the cylinder, means for driving the cylinder and the counter-pressure member to give them substantially equal linear speeds at the points of tangency between said teeth and said counter-pressure member, said speeds being much higher than the speed at which the sheet is fed by the feed gear, the sheet being fed into immediate proximity with the line of tangency between the said surfaces defined by the outer ends of the projections and the counter-pressure member to be engaged by said projections and means for removing the fibers passing beyond said line of tangency and forming same into sliver.

2. A machine for drawing a sheet of non-continuous fibers by grasping in succession the ends of the fibers selectively throughout the breadth of the front edge of said sheet and through a depth of sheet equal to a pre determined fraction of the average length of the fibers, drawing out the grasped fibers'and regrouping them with a partial overlapping into the shape of a sliver, said machine comprising, a feed gear adapted to make the sheet progress at a reduced speed in a moderately clamped condition, sheet drawing means fed by said feed gear and including a rotary cylinder including a series of small projections distributed uniformly over the surface of said cylinder and overlapping each other in the direction of the axis of said cylinder and a counter-pressure member having a yielding surface moving tangentially over the cylindrical surface defined by the outer ends of the projections on the cylinder, means for driving the cylinder and the counter-pressure member to give them substantially equal linear speeds at the points of tangency between said teeth and said counter-pressure member, said speeds being much higher than the speed at which the sheet is fed by the feed gear, the sheet being fed into immediate proximity with the line of tangency between the said surfaces defined by the outer ends of the projections and the counter-pressure to be engaged by said projections, an endless belt onto which the fibers passing ofi the rotary cylinder are fed and including suction means for concentrating the fibers into sliver shape and means for removing the sliver off the endless belt and twisting same.

3. A machine for drawing a sheet of non-continuous fibers by grasping in succession the ends of the fibers selectively throughout the breadth of the front edge of said sheet and through a depth of sheet equal to a predetermined fraction of the average length of the fibers, drawing out the grasped fibers and regrouping them with a partial overlapping into the shape of a sliver, said machine comprising, a feed gear adapted to make the sheet progress at a reduced speed in a moderately clamped condition, sheet drawing means fed by said feed gear and including a rotary cylinder including a series of small projections distributed uniformly over the surface of said cylinder and overlapping each other in the direction of the axis of said cylinder, a cylinder including a yielding peripheral lining revolubly mounted in contacting relationship with the cylindrical surface defined by the outer ends of the projections on the cylinder, means for driving the cylinder and the lined cylinder to give them substantially equal linear speeds at the points of tangency between said teeth and said lined cylinder, said speeds being much higher than the speed at which the sheet is fed by the feed gear, the sheet being fed into immediate proximity with the line of tangency between the said surfaces defined by the outer ends of the projections and the lined cylinder to be engaged by said projections, and means for removing the fibers passing beyond said line of tangency and forming same into slivers.

4. A machine for drawing a sheet of non-continuous fibers by grasping in succession the ends of the fibers selectively throughout the breadth of the front edge of said sheet and through a depth of sheet equal to a predetermined fraction of the average length of the fibers, drawing out the grasped fibers and regrouping them with a partial overlapping into the shape of a sliver, said machine comprising, a feed gear adapted to make the sheet progress at a reduced speed in a moderately clampedcondition, sheet drawing means fed by said feed gear and including a rotary cylinder including a series of small projections distributed uniformly over the surface of said cylinder and overlapping each other in the direction of the axis of said cylinder, an endless strip of elastic material, a series of rollers guiding said strip in its movement in contacting relationship with the cylindrical surface defined by the outer ends of the projections on the cylinder, means for driving the cylinder and the endless strip of elastic material to give them substantially equal linear speeds at the points of tangency between said teeth and said endless strip, said speeds being much higher than the speed at which the sheet is fed by the feed gear, the sheet being fed into immediate proximity with the line of tangency between the said surfaces defined by the outer ends of the projections and the endless strip to be engaged by said projections and means for removing the fibers passing beyond said line of tangency and forming same into slivers.

5 A machine for drawing a sheet of non-continuous fibers by grasping in succession the ends of the fibers selectively throughout the breadth of the front edge of said sheet and through a depth of sheet equal to a predetermined fraction of the average length of the fibers, drawing out the grasped fibers and regrouping them with a partial overlapping into the shape of a sliver, said machine comprising a feed gear adapted to make the sheet progress at a reduced speed in a moderately clamped condition, sheet drawing means fed by said feed gear and including a hard cylindrical carrier member and a plurality of pointed projections fitted along a helical path into the periphery of said body, said projections overlapping each other in the direction of the axis of said cylinder and a counter-pressure member having a yielding surface moving tangentially over the cylindrical surface defined by the outer ends of the projections on the cylinder, means for driving the cylinder and the counter-pressure member to give them substantially equal linear speeds at the points of tangency between said teeth and said counter-pressure member, said speeds being much higher than the speed at which the sheet is fed by the feed gear, the sheet being fed into immediate proximity with the line of tangency between the said surfaces, defined by the outer ends of the projections and the counter-pressure member to be engaged by said projections, and means for removing the fibers passing beyond said line of tangency and forming same into slivers.

6. A machine for drawing a sheet of non-continuous fibers by grasping in succession the ends of the fibers selectively throughout the breadth of the front edge of said sheet and through a depth of sheet equal to a predetermined fraction of the average length of the fibers, drawing out the grasped fibers and regrouping them with a partial overlapping into the shape of a sliver, said machine comprising a feed gear adapted to make the sheet progress at a reduced speed in a moderately clamped condition, sheet drawing means fed by said feed gear and including a cylindrical body provided at its periphery with a helical groove and a steel ribbon coiled inside the cylinder groove and carrying at substantially regular intervals tooth-shaped projections, said projections overlapping each other in the direction of the axis of said cylinder and a counter-pressure member having a yielding surface moving tangentially over the cylindrical surface defined by the outer ends of the projections on the cylinder, means for driving the cylinder and the counterpressure member to give them substantially equal linear speeds at the points of tangency between said teeth and said counter-pressure member, said speeds being much higher than the speed at which the sheet is fed by the feed gear, the sheet being fed into immediate proximity with the line of tangency between the said surfaces defined by the outer ends of the projections and the counterpressure member and means for removing the fibers passing beyond said line of tangency and forming same into slivers.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Rooney May 2, 1944 Sandelin Nov. 24, 1953 

